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'''Dyalog Ltd.''' (originally Dyadic Systems Ltd.) is a British firm which specialises in APl products, especially [[Dyalog APL]].
[[File:Dyalog small.png|thumb|right|Dyalog's logo, based on the [[glyph]]s <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⊃∨∧⌊○⊂</syntaxhighlight><ref>[[Adám Brudzewsky]]. Message {{M|59999223}} in the [[APL Orchard]], quoting CEO [[Gitte Christensen]]. 2021-12-28.</ref>]]
[[File:Dyalog head office.jpg|thumb|right|Dyalog's head office]]
'''Dyalog Ltd.''' (originally Dyadic Systems Ltd.) is the vendor for [[Dyalog APL]] and organiser of the [[Dyalog user meeting]]. Founded as an APL consultancy, Dyadic also became a reseller of [[IBM]] hardware but is now supported primarily by sales of Dyalog APL.


== Early history ==
== History ==
Dyadic Systems was formed in 1976 by a breakaway group of APL consultants
from Atkins Computing (a time-sharing bureau) that had been working on their [[Sigma APL]] processor. They provided independent design and development services unaffiliated with any specific vendor. The steadily growing group of
analysts gained a broad collective experience over numerous flavours of APL.
While the emphasis remained with [[SHARP APL]], [[APL*PLUS]] and Sigma APL, they
also worked with APLs from IBM, DEC, Honeywell, Burroughs and others. There
was also work in other languages. IBM was promoting [[VSAPL]] as its primary personal and departmental computing platform; this was a potential source of further demand for consulting. However, there was the nascent market for personal
computers.


In principle, Dyadic, with no time-sharing business to manage, could simply switch
=== Dyadic Systems consulting ===
horses and write APL programs for PCs. But there were few PCs with APL about.
One was the rather quirky MCM micro, whose APL interpreter was
in firmware. It had an idiosyncratic reverse implementation of the [[scan]]
operator and limited the size of arrays to 255 elements along each [[axis]]. It
provided the facilities to generate a GUI interface, at least in providing
form-based input and output, but was slow.
More substantial APLs had been implemented for the IBM 5110 and for the Motorola 68000 chip, available as Wicat computers. Even Bill Gates of Microsoft contemplated writing one, and talk to Ian Sharp of [[I.P. Sharp Associates]] about a reduced APL – how little one could get away with, but the project was cancelled before a product was released.


Zilog UK wanted an APL for the Z8000, since the Swedish Ministry of Defence, in a call for tenders
Dyadic Systems was formed in 1976 by manager and administrator Phil Goacher with sales lead Ted Hare and APL experts David Crossley, [[Geoff Streeter]], and John Stembridge, all from the APL group at Atkins Computing, which was part of [[wikipedia:Atkins (company)|WS Atkins]] and a [[time-sharing]] provider.<ref>[[Geoff Streeter]]. [https://www.dyalog.com/blog/2018/03/phil-goacher-05-11-40-09-03-18/ "Phil Goacher (05-11-40 – 09-03-18)"]. Dyalog blog. 2018-03-29.</ref> Targetting large companies and especially [[wikipedia:Rank Xerox|Rank Xerox]], Dyadic aimed "to establish a dominant position in a small part of the market based on a reputation for excellence" promoted by "excellent salaries and working conditions", according to its initial prospectus.<ref>[http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10013840 "Dyadic Systems Limited: A Prospective Computing Consultancy"]. 1976.</ref> Because it was not tied to a particular vendor, the company's employees gained experience with many APL dialects. Of these, the most used were [[SHARP APL]], [[APL*PLUS]], and [[Sigma APL]], but Dyadic also worked with APLs from [[IBM]], [[wikipedia:Digital Equipment Corporation|DEC]], [[wikipedia:Honeywell|Honeywell]], [[wikipedia:Burroughs Corporation|Burroughs]], and others, and some non-APL languages. IBM's promotion of [[VS APL]] as a platform became another source of demand for APL consulting.<ref name="taylor">Stephen Taylor. [http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10013790 "How we got here"]. [[Vector journal]] Volume 23 special supplement "Dyalog at 25". 2008-09.</ref>
from Unix suppliers, had listed APL as a software requirement. They provided Dyadic a
dedicated Z8000 minicomputer and generous development facilities.


Dyalog (Europe) Ltd. was registered for this purpose in 1981. The new company blended both names, as mentioned in the press release:
During this period Dyadic hired Pauline Brand, and [[Pete Donnelly]] of [[wikipedia:W. H. Smith|W. H. Smith]].<ref name="donnelly">[[Peter Donnelly]]. [https://www.dyalog.com/uploads/files/apl50/Dyalog%20APL%20A%20Personal%20History.pdf "Dyalog APL: A Personal History"].</ref>
 
=== Dyalog APL ===
 
The market for personal computers was quickly growing at the beginning of the 1980s. As a consulting rather than a timesharing business, Dyadic was not tied to the mainframe model, but was hindered by the small number of APL implementations for PC. In 1981, the company met with [[wikipedia:Zilog|Zilog]] UK regarding the upcoming System 8000, based on the [[wikipedia:Zilog Z8000|Z8000]] processor. Zilog wanted an APL for the Z8000 because of a requirement set by the Swedish Ministry of Defence for Unix suppliers.
 
Dyalog (Europe) Ltd. was registered for this purpose in 1981. The new name blended those of the two collaborators, as mentioned in the press release:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
This company is DYALOG (EUROPE) LIMITED,
This company is DYALOG (EUROPE) LIMITED,
the name Dyalog being a hybrid derived from Dyadic and Zilog.
the name Dyalog being a hybrid derived from Dyadic and Zilog.
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
The “Marketing
The “Marketing Strategy” paper read:
Strategy” paper read:
<blockquote>
<blockquote>
Our plan is to develop a low-price:
Our plan is to develop a low-price:
Line 36: Line 27:
* Under an industry-standard operating system (UNIX)
* Under an industry-standard operating system (UNIX)
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
Zilog provided a dedicated Z8000 minicomputer and development facilities for the Dyalog language. Dyadic hired [[John Scholes]] (another Atkins employee, who had left to work as a developer on an APL implementation for the [[wikipedia:ICL 2900|ICL 2900]]) as designer and chief programmer for the project. [[Geoff Streeter]] and David Crossley joined Scholes as Dyalog implementors.
The choice to implement Dyalog in [[wikipedia:C (programming language)|C]] on a [[wikipedia:UNIX|UNIX]] system would later enable Dyalog APL to be ported to many other systems. The choice to make Dyalog a [[Nested array model|nested]] APL like [[NARS]] and the in-process [[APL2]] would also have a major effect on Dyalog's development as a company.
[[Dyalog APL]] was released at the [[APL83|1983 APL Conference]] in Washington, D.C., a venue it shared with MicroAPL's [[APL.68000]] and [[STSC]]'s [[APL*PLUS/PC]]. Initial sales were slow due to the obscurity at the time of the nested array model, Unix operating system, and Zilog system in addition to Dyalog APL's poor [[performance]] relative to other APLs exhibited.
[[File:DyalogV5.0FrontCover.png|thumb|right|Dyalog version 5.0 front cover (1987)]]
=== Purchase by Lynwood ===
In October 1983, Dyadic Systems, suffering both from decreasing consulting profits and poor sales of Dyalog APL, was purchased by computer terminal manufacturer Lynwood Scientific Developments Limited. Dyadic was allowed to maintain Dyalog APL under Lynwood for the next seven years despite continuous losses. Lynwood was acquired in 1988 by [[wikipedia:Hunting plc|Hunting plc]].
During this period Dyalog APL was ported to a large number of UNIX systems. While sales remained low, [[wikipedia:SimCorp|SimCorp]] began working with Dyalog in 1985. SimCorp remains a major user of Dyalog APL.
In 1986, Dyadic began to sell UNIX hardware to be used with their APL implementation, including the [[IBM]] 6150 in July of that year. Pauline Brand directed Dyadic's hardware division, a position she would maintain until its sale in 2002. [[wikipedia:British Airways|British Airways]] was one client and eventually expanded its use of UNIX along with its relationship with Dyadic. In 1987 Dyalog APL for the 6150 became an IBM Vendor Logo product available directly from IBM, despite being in direct competition with IBM's [[APL2]].
Dyadic hired Andy Cooke as Sales Manager and [[Andy Shiers]] as Customer Support Analyst in July 1987.
=== Independent ownership ===
In March 1990, [[John Scholes]], Pauline Brand, and [[Peter Donnelly]] bought Dyadic Systems from Hunting plc. The purchase followed an informal offer by [[STSC]] in 1989, which had been rejected. Over the decade, the majority of Dyadic's profits were generated by hardware sales under Brand while Dyalog APL gained market share but failed to show comparable profits.
Dyadic added support for Dyalog APL on the [[wikipedia:SunOS|Sun]] operating system and IBM's [[wikipedia:IBM RISC System/6000|RS/6000]] in 1990, which led to a growing user base in [[wikipedia:New York City|New York]] consisting of financial companies.
In 1991 [[John Daintree]] was hired to begin work on a graphical user interface, supporting the [[system function]] <syntaxhighlight lang=apl inline>⎕WC</syntaxhighlight>.
Also in 1991, Dyadic began collaborating with George Kunzle on the PC program which would later be named KPS (Kunzle Planning System). The two lead developers of KPS were Guy Haddleton and [[Morten Kromberg]], and the product was soon sold to Haddleton's [[Adaytum Software]].
In 2000, [[wikipedia:Microsoft|Microsoft]] contacted Dyadic systems to ask for their participation in the project that would later be called [[.NET]]. Dyadic responded positively, and [[John Daintree]] began collaborating with Microsoft employees both on the design of .NET and on Dyalog support for it.
=== Dyalog Limited ===
In 2002 the software side of Dyadic Systems separated from the company, taking its current name Dyalog Ltd., and in 2003, the remainder of Dyadic Systems, then purely a hardware vendor, was sold to Syan Ltd. Following the separation, Dyalog had only five employees: [[John Scholes]], [[Peter Donnelly]], [[John Daintree]], [[Geoff Streeter]], and support staff Vincent Chan. The company maintained consistent profits despite its small size.
In 2003, on news that the [[APL conference]] would no longer be held yearly, Dyalog held the first of its [[Dyalog user meeting|user meeting]]s.<ref>Adrian Smith. [http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10009060 "Dyalog APL 2003 Conference"]. [[Vector journal]] volume 20 issue 2. 2003-10.</ref>
=== Takeover by Adaytum employees ===
In 2004, Donnelly approached [[Gitte Christensen]] and [[Morten Kromberg]] of Insight Systems (recently split from [[Adaytum Software]]) to ask them to take over management of the company. Together Insight, [[wikipedia:SimCorp|SimCorp]], and APL Italiana purchased full ownership of Dyalog, and the duo from Denmark began leadership on 7 April 2005.<ref>[http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10014220 "New Management at Dyalog Ltd."]. [[Vector journal]] Volume 21 No. 2. 2005-02.</ref> Christensen became CEO and Kromberg became CTO. Both hold the same roles today, although Kromberg served as CXO from 2015 to 2019 while [[Jay Foad]] was CTO.
In March 2007, Dyalog's growing team moved to its current office in [[wikipedia:Bramley, Hampshire|Bramley, Hampshire]]. The office, a restored barn including original oak beams, was chosen in part for its large windows with a view of a nearby wheat field.<ref>[http://archive.vector.org.uk/art10011430 News from sustaining members]: Country Life. [[Vector journal]] volume 23 issue 1. 2008-01.</ref>
Employees hired during the period of Insight management include [[Dan Baronet]], [[Roger Hui]], [[Jay Foad]], [[Brian Becker]], [[Adám Brudzewsky]], and [[Aaron Hsu]]. Nick Nickolov and [[Marshall Lochbaum]] worked at the company briefly, for two and three years respectively.
[[File:Dyalog Ducks.png|thumb|right|Dyalog ducks]]
== The Dyalog duck ==
While it is not an official logo, Dyalog is often associated with the [[wikipedia:rubber duck|rubber duck]], and uses it to demonstrate graphical applications. Dyalog's office is home to over a hundred rubber ducks. Dyalog explains some of their history with ducks in [https://www.dyalog.com/the-dyalog-duck.htm "The Dyalog Duck"].
The tradition began in 1989 when [[Peter Donnelly]] demonstrated the use of a graphics library for the newly supported DOS/386. Various members of the company continued to use ducks for similar purposes, with Donnelly and [[John Daintree]] the most prolific in this usage.


== Events ==
== Events ==
Dyalog is unique among APL vendors in participating in and arranging many programming events. Yearly occurring are:
* Running the [[Dyalog problem solving competition]]


* Running the [[Dyalog User Meeting]] (many of the sessions are recorded and released on YouTube after the event)
Dyalog arranges several recurring events (for dates see Dyalog's [https://www.dyalog.com/dates-for-your-diary.htm Event calendar]):


* Presenting at [https://lambdaconf.zohobackstage.com/ LambdaConf]
* [[APL Problem Solving Competition]]


* Presenting at [https://functionalconf.com/ FunctionalConf]
* [[Dyalog user meeting]]


This is in addition to being active on various social media, including running their own blog.
* [[Dyalog webinar]]


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 55: Line 94:


* [https://dyalog.com Website]
* [https://dyalog.com Website]
* [https://www.dyalog.com/dates-for-your-diary.htm Event calendar]
* [https://www.dyalog.com/student-competition.htm Dyalog problem solving competition ]
* [https://www.dyalog.com/user-meetings/index.htm Dyalog User Meeting]


* [https://dyalog.tv dyalog.tv]
* [https://dyalog.tv dyalog.tv]
Line 72: Line 105:
* [https://www.facebook.com/DyalogAPL Facebook]
* [https://www.facebook.com/DyalogAPL Facebook]


* [https://www.linkedin.com/company/dyalog-ltd-/ LinkedIn]
=== Functional programming conferences ===
In recent years, Dyalog has continuously presented at the following functional programming conferences:
* [https://lambdaconf.zohobackstage.com/ LambdaConf]
* [https://functionalconf.com/ FunctionalConf]
== References ==
<references/>


{{APL community}}
{{APL development}}[[Category:Vendors]]

Latest revision as of 12:27, 31 August 2023

Dyalog's logo, based on the glyphs ⊃∨∧⌊○⊂[1]
Dyalog's head office

Dyalog Ltd. (originally Dyadic Systems Ltd.) is the vendor for Dyalog APL and organiser of the Dyalog user meeting. Founded as an APL consultancy, Dyadic also became a reseller of IBM hardware but is now supported primarily by sales of Dyalog APL.

History

Dyadic Systems consulting

Dyadic Systems was formed in 1976 by manager and administrator Phil Goacher with sales lead Ted Hare and APL experts David Crossley, Geoff Streeter, and John Stembridge, all from the APL group at Atkins Computing, which was part of WS Atkins and a time-sharing provider.[2] Targetting large companies and especially Rank Xerox, Dyadic aimed "to establish a dominant position in a small part of the market based on a reputation for excellence" promoted by "excellent salaries and working conditions", according to its initial prospectus.[3] Because it was not tied to a particular vendor, the company's employees gained experience with many APL dialects. Of these, the most used were SHARP APL, APL*PLUS, and Sigma APL, but Dyadic also worked with APLs from IBM, DEC, Honeywell, Burroughs, and others, and some non-APL languages. IBM's promotion of VS APL as a platform became another source of demand for APL consulting.[4]

During this period Dyadic hired Pauline Brand, and Pete Donnelly of W. H. Smith.[5]

Dyalog APL

The market for personal computers was quickly growing at the beginning of the 1980s. As a consulting rather than a timesharing business, Dyadic was not tied to the mainframe model, but was hindered by the small number of APL implementations for PC. In 1981, the company met with Zilog UK regarding the upcoming System 8000, based on the Z8000 processor. Zilog wanted an APL for the Z8000 because of a requirement set by the Swedish Ministry of Defence for Unix suppliers.

Dyalog (Europe) Ltd. was registered for this purpose in 1981. The new name blended those of the two collaborators, as mentioned in the press release:

This company is DYALOG (EUROPE) LIMITED, the name Dyalog being a hybrid derived from Dyadic and Zilog.

The “Marketing Strategy” paper read:

Our plan is to develop a low-price:

  • Industry-standard APL interpreter (Sharp look-alike but more comprehensive)
  • Running on an industry-standard 16-bit chip (Z8000)
  • Under an industry-standard operating system (UNIX)

Zilog provided a dedicated Z8000 minicomputer and development facilities for the Dyalog language. Dyadic hired John Scholes (another Atkins employee, who had left to work as a developer on an APL implementation for the ICL 2900) as designer and chief programmer for the project. Geoff Streeter and David Crossley joined Scholes as Dyalog implementors.

The choice to implement Dyalog in C on a UNIX system would later enable Dyalog APL to be ported to many other systems. The choice to make Dyalog a nested APL like NARS and the in-process APL2 would also have a major effect on Dyalog's development as a company.

Dyalog APL was released at the 1983 APL Conference in Washington, D.C., a venue it shared with MicroAPL's APL.68000 and STSC's APL*PLUS/PC. Initial sales were slow due to the obscurity at the time of the nested array model, Unix operating system, and Zilog system in addition to Dyalog APL's poor performance relative to other APLs exhibited.

Dyalog version 5.0 front cover (1987)

Purchase by Lynwood

In October 1983, Dyadic Systems, suffering both from decreasing consulting profits and poor sales of Dyalog APL, was purchased by computer terminal manufacturer Lynwood Scientific Developments Limited. Dyadic was allowed to maintain Dyalog APL under Lynwood for the next seven years despite continuous losses. Lynwood was acquired in 1988 by Hunting plc.

During this period Dyalog APL was ported to a large number of UNIX systems. While sales remained low, SimCorp began working with Dyalog in 1985. SimCorp remains a major user of Dyalog APL.

In 1986, Dyadic began to sell UNIX hardware to be used with their APL implementation, including the IBM 6150 in July of that year. Pauline Brand directed Dyadic's hardware division, a position she would maintain until its sale in 2002. British Airways was one client and eventually expanded its use of UNIX along with its relationship with Dyadic. In 1987 Dyalog APL for the 6150 became an IBM Vendor Logo product available directly from IBM, despite being in direct competition with IBM's APL2.

Dyadic hired Andy Cooke as Sales Manager and Andy Shiers as Customer Support Analyst in July 1987.

Independent ownership

In March 1990, John Scholes, Pauline Brand, and Peter Donnelly bought Dyadic Systems from Hunting plc. The purchase followed an informal offer by STSC in 1989, which had been rejected. Over the decade, the majority of Dyadic's profits were generated by hardware sales under Brand while Dyalog APL gained market share but failed to show comparable profits.

Dyadic added support for Dyalog APL on the Sun operating system and IBM's RS/6000 in 1990, which led to a growing user base in New York consisting of financial companies.

In 1991 John Daintree was hired to begin work on a graphical user interface, supporting the system function ⎕WC.

Also in 1991, Dyadic began collaborating with George Kunzle on the PC program which would later be named KPS (Kunzle Planning System). The two lead developers of KPS were Guy Haddleton and Morten Kromberg, and the product was soon sold to Haddleton's Adaytum Software.

In 2000, Microsoft contacted Dyadic systems to ask for their participation in the project that would later be called .NET. Dyadic responded positively, and John Daintree began collaborating with Microsoft employees both on the design of .NET and on Dyalog support for it.

Dyalog Limited

In 2002 the software side of Dyadic Systems separated from the company, taking its current name Dyalog Ltd., and in 2003, the remainder of Dyadic Systems, then purely a hardware vendor, was sold to Syan Ltd. Following the separation, Dyalog had only five employees: John Scholes, Peter Donnelly, John Daintree, Geoff Streeter, and support staff Vincent Chan. The company maintained consistent profits despite its small size.

In 2003, on news that the APL conference would no longer be held yearly, Dyalog held the first of its user meetings.[6]

Takeover by Adaytum employees

In 2004, Donnelly approached Gitte Christensen and Morten Kromberg of Insight Systems (recently split from Adaytum Software) to ask them to take over management of the company. Together Insight, SimCorp, and APL Italiana purchased full ownership of Dyalog, and the duo from Denmark began leadership on 7 April 2005.[7] Christensen became CEO and Kromberg became CTO. Both hold the same roles today, although Kromberg served as CXO from 2015 to 2019 while Jay Foad was CTO.

In March 2007, Dyalog's growing team moved to its current office in Bramley, Hampshire. The office, a restored barn including original oak beams, was chosen in part for its large windows with a view of a nearby wheat field.[8]

Employees hired during the period of Insight management include Dan Baronet, Roger Hui, Jay Foad, Brian Becker, Adám Brudzewsky, and Aaron Hsu. Nick Nickolov and Marshall Lochbaum worked at the company briefly, for two and three years respectively.

Dyalog ducks

The Dyalog duck

While it is not an official logo, Dyalog is often associated with the rubber duck, and uses it to demonstrate graphical applications. Dyalog's office is home to over a hundred rubber ducks. Dyalog explains some of their history with ducks in "The Dyalog Duck".

The tradition began in 1989 when Peter Donnelly demonstrated the use of a graphics library for the newly supported DOS/386. Various members of the company continued to use ducks for similar purposes, with Donnelly and John Daintree the most prolific in this usage.

Events

Dyalog arranges several recurring events (for dates see Dyalog's Event calendar):

External links

Websites

Social media

Functional programming conferences

In recent years, Dyalog has continuously presented at the following functional programming conferences:

References

  1. Adám Brudzewsky. Message 59999223 in the APL Orchard, quoting CEO Gitte Christensen. 2021-12-28.
  2. Geoff Streeter. "Phil Goacher (05-11-40 – 09-03-18)". Dyalog blog. 2018-03-29.
  3. "Dyadic Systems Limited: A Prospective Computing Consultancy". 1976.
  4. Stephen Taylor. "How we got here". Vector journal Volume 23 special supplement "Dyalog at 25". 2008-09.
  5. Peter Donnelly. "Dyalog APL: A Personal History".
  6. Adrian Smith. "Dyalog APL 2003 Conference". Vector journal volume 20 issue 2. 2003-10.
  7. "New Management at Dyalog Ltd.". Vector journal Volume 21 No. 2. 2005-02.
  8. News from sustaining members: Country Life. Vector journal volume 23 issue 1. 2008-01.


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