Binomial

From APL Wiki
(Redirected from Combinations)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
!

Binomial (!) is a dyadic scalar function which gives the binomial coefficient between the two arguments. The argument order k!n is reversed compared to most of traditional mathematical notation's alternative notations, for example and , but not others, like . Binomial shares the glyph ! with the monadic arithmetic function Factorial.

Examples

For non-negative integer arguments, the binomial coefficient k!n is equal to the number of ways to choose k items out of n distinct items. For example, 3!5 is 10 because there are 10 ways to pick 3 items out of 5: 123, 124, 125, 134, 135, 145, 234, 235, 245, 345.

      0 1 2 3 4 5!5
1 5 10 10 5 1

k!n also corresponds to the k-th value (zero-indexed) on the n-th row (also zero-indexed) of Pascal's triangle.

      ⍉∘.!⍨ 0,⍳5
1 0  0  0 0 0
1 1  0  0 0 0
1 2  1  0 0 0
1 3  3  1 0 0
1 4  6  4 1 0
1 5 10 10 5 1
Works in: Dyalog APL

Properties

The value of X!Y equals (!Y)÷(!X)×!Y-X.

      Alt←{(!⍵)÷(!⍺)×!⍵-⍺}
      0 1 2 3 4 5 Alt 5
1 5 10 10 5 1

In multiple implementations where Factorial is extended to use the Gamma function , Binomial is defined to use the above equality for non-integers. In that case, the Beta function becomes closely related to the Binomial, giving the identity ÷Y×(X-1)!X+Y-1.

      1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2!5
5 6.105689248 7.219424686 8.281104786 9.227916704 10
      2!3j2
1J5
Works in: Dyalog APL

External links

Documentation

APL built-ins [edit]
Primitives (Timeline) Functions
Scalar
Monadic ConjugateNegateSignumReciprocalMagnitudeExponentialNatural LogarithmFloorCeilingFactorialNotPi TimesRollTypeImaginarySquare Root
Dyadic AddSubtractTimesDivideResiduePowerLogarithmMinimumMaximumBinomialComparison functionsBoolean functions (And, Or, Nand, Nor) ∙ GCDLCMCircularComplexRoot
Non-Scalar
Structural ShapeReshapeTallyDepthRavelEnlistTableCatenateReverseRotateTransposeRazeMixSplitEncloseNestCut (K)PairLinkPartitioned EnclosePartition
Selection FirstPickTakeDropUniqueIdentityStopSelectReplicateExpandSet functions (IntersectionUnionWithout) ∙ Bracket indexingIndexCartesian ProductSort
Selector Index generatorGradeIndex OfInterval IndexIndicesDealPrefix and suffix vectors
Computational MatchNot MatchMembershipFindNub SieveEncodeDecodeMatrix InverseMatrix DivideFormatExecuteMaterialiseRange
Operators Monadic EachCommuteConstantReplicateExpandReduceWindowed ReduceScanOuter ProductKeyI-BeamSpawnFunction axis
Dyadic BindCompositions (Compose, Reverse Compose, Beside, Withe, Atop, Over) ∙ Inner ProductDeterminantPowerAtUnderRankDepthVariantStencilCutDirect definition (operator)
Quad names Index originComparison toleranceMigration levelAtomic vector